Harlan John Bushfield (born August 6, 1882 – died September 27, 1948) was a Republican senator from South Dakota who served in the United States Senate from January 6, 1943, until his death on September 27, 1948. Representing the state of South Dakota, he held office as a member of the Republican Party during a single Senate term. His tenure placed him in the upper chamber of Congress during the closing years of World War II and the immediate postwar period.

Bushfield’s role as a United States senator was his principal federal office, and he is recorded as a historical member of Congress. Serving as a senator for South Dakota from 1943 to 1948, he completed one term in office before his service was cut short by his death. His career in the Senate is preserved in congressional records under the bioguide identifier B001168.