Henry Bowen Anthony (born April 1, 1815) was a United States senator from the state of Rhode Island and a member of the Republican Party. A male legislator representing Rhode Island at the federal level, he entered the Senate on December 5, 1859, and remained in office until March 3, 1885. Over the course of his long tenure, he served a total of five terms, reflecting sustained political support in his home state.

Anthony’s service in the Senate spanned more than a quarter century, during which he was consistently identified with Rhode Island rather than any specific congressional district, as is customary for senators. Throughout this period, he held the formal role of Senator and is now regarded as a former officeholder. His career is documented in congressional records under the bioguide identification number A000262, and he is remembered as a historical member of Congress who represented Rhode Island in the United States Senate from 1859 to 1885.