John Henry McCarthy (born November 16, 1850) was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from New York. He represented New York’s 8th Congressional District and served a single term in the Fifty-first Congress. His tenure in federal office began on December 2, 1889, and concluded on March 3, 1891.

During this period, McCarthy held the role of Representative for New York, aligning with the Democratic Party. His service in Congress was limited to one term, and he did not return to office thereafter. Identified in congressional records by the biographical guide number M000313, McCarthy is noted historically as a former member of Congress who participated in national legislative affairs during the late nineteenth century.