Murphy James Foster (born January 12, 1849) was a Democratic politician who represented the state of Louisiana in the United States Senate in the early twentieth century. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as a senator from Louisiana beginning on December 2, 1901. His tenure in the Senate placed him among the historical members of Congress who helped shape federal legislation during a period of significant national change.

Foster served two terms in the United States Senate, holding office from December 2, 1901, until March 3, 1913. During these years he was a senator for Louisiana, reflecting the political priorities and perspectives of his state within the broader national legislature. Identified in congressional records by the biographical guide number F000310, Murphy James Foster is remembered primarily for his role as a former U.S. senator from Louisiana during the 1901–1913 period.