William Oscar Atkeson (born August 24, 1854) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from Missouri. He represented Missouri’s 6th Congressional District and served a single term in Congress. His tenure in the U.S. House began on April 11, 1921, and concluded on March 3, 1923.

During his time in office, Atkeson served as a Representative in the post–World War I era, participating in the national legislative process as part of the Republican Party. Although specific committee assignments and legislative initiatives are not recorded in the available metadata, his service placed him among the historical members of Congress from Missouri. Atkeson did not return to Congress after his first term, and he is noted as a former officeholder.