William Edwin Chilton (born March 17, 1858) was a Democratic United States senator from the state of West Virginia. A historical member of Congress, he represented West Virginia in the U.S. Senate as a member of the Democratic Party during the early twentieth century. His service in the Senate places him among the notable federal legislators from West Virginia of that era.

Chilton served a single term in the United States Senate, holding office from April 4, 1911, to March 3, 1917. During this period he was a senator for the entire state of West Virginia rather than for a specific district, reflecting the statewide nature of the office. Identified in congressional records by the bioguide ID C000360, he is recognized as a former senator whose tenure contributed to West Virginia’s representation in the federal government in the years leading up to and including part of World War I.