William Joseph Deboe (born June 30, 1849) was a Republican senator from Kentucky who served a single term in the United States Senate from March 15, 1897, to March 3, 1903. Representing Kentucky at the federal level, he was affiliated with the Republican Party during a period of significant political and economic change at the turn of the twentieth century. His service in the Senate marked his most prominent role in public life.

During his tenure, Deboe served as a senator for Kentucky, participating in the legislative work of the upper chamber of Congress. Although specific committee assignments and legislative initiatives are not detailed in the available record, his six-year term placed him among the historical members of Congress who helped shape national policy during this era. After his term ended in 1903, he left the Senate as a former officeholder, concluding his known federal political career.